Native Rollups, Expansion Solution Regaining Attention

Ethereum Scaling: Native Rollups Gain Attention As Rollup technology advances to address Ethereum's scalability issues, the concept of "Native Rollups" is gaining renewed attention. Similar to the existing sharding concept, Native Rollups utilize Ethereum's execution environment for more efficient scaling. # What are Native Rollups? Rollups are categorized based on how they process data, and Native Rollups leverage Ethereum's Layer 1 (L1) execution environment. This approach allows the Ethereum network itself to directly recognize and manage the state transitions of Rollups. To implement this, a structure that can execute another Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) within the EVM is required, introduced through the EXECUTE precompile. # Role of the EXECUTE Precompile The EXECUTE precompile function verifies the results of executing another EVM within the EVM environment. This process involves inputting the pre-execution state, post-execution state, and witness trace, to verify the correctness of specific operations. This enables Native Rollups to utilize Ethereum's social consensus without relying on separate trust-based systems. Once applied, Rollup operators can adhere to Ethereum's security mechanisms without developing their own, significantly improving interoperability between Rollups that operate synchronously with L1. # Gas Costs and Resource Management The computational resources of the Ethereum network are limited, necessitating an efficient distribution model, hence the gas model. A new gas cost policy has been established for the EXECUTE precompile, considering: - Base Cost: Imposing gas costs based on the EXECUTE_GAS_COST and actual transaction execution volume. - Cumulative Gas Limit: Restricting the maximum gas consumption for all EXECUTE calls within a block, based on the EIP-1559 model. This structure, designed similarly to the existing blob data cost model, regulates block gas usage. # Advantages of Native Rollups Native Rollups offer several key advantages over traditional Rollups: - Enhanced Security: Traditional Rollups require their own governance mechanisms (like security committees), whereas Native Rollups leverage Ethereum’s social consensus, reducing operational risks. - Synchronous Composability: Unlike traditional Rollups that must synchronize block creation timing between L1 and L2, Native Rollups use the EXECUTE precompile to validate states without additional trust mechanisms. - Future Compatibility: When L1 EVM improves, Native Rollups automatically inherit these features, ensuring compatibility with the latest Ethereum technology without additional development. # Advances in Real-Time Proving Native Rollups currently rely on re-execution for validation, where validators directly execute transactions to confirm the validity of state transitions. However, this method has speed limitations, necessitating a shift to Real-Time Proving. To achieve this, block verification structures must adapt to secure proof time. Ethereum currently completes transaction execution, state change calculations, and receipt generation within a 12-second block time. Proposed methods include delaying state_root computation or execution itself to enhance verification speed and reduce overall network latency. # The Future of Native Rollups in Ethereum Scaling Native Rollups emerge as a new solution to overcome the limitations of traditional sharding concepts, promising enhanced scalability while maintaining Ethereum's security model. However, advancements in Real-Time Proving technologies and the adoption of execution delay techniques are crucial. The alignment of these structural changes with the existing Ethereum ecosystem will be a significant challenge moving forward.